Ocean Plastic Pollution
Plastic Pollution has become the worse, pervasive, and ubiquitous environmental issue especially for all marine environments (Golam, 2017; Tosca, 2018; Anela, 2019; Eric, 2016). Plastic waste has a complex structure, long half-life due to the slow degradation process. Based on hazardous chemicals, generate in huge quantities due to more consumption in different activities. Plastic has the durable property that exists for a very long time in the ocean. This plastic shows a result noxious for marine species health like a sea turtle, sea birds.
In 2018, it has been estimated that in overall world plastic generation has increased to 359 million tons (Geyer et al., 2017; Golam, 2017; Tosca, 2018) that is a galling and anxious thing.
This all happened due to the mismanagement of plastic litter. From land surfaces, rivers, and coastal beaches plastic waste enter into the ocean, then wastes disperse by wind and ocean current and convert plastic particles into mega, macro, micro and nano size particles by fragmentation process and cause ocean plastic pollution (Eric, 2016; Tosca, 2018). Due to different densities of particle size, plastic debris found in various locations in the ocean from the top of the ocean to depth (Tosca, 2018).
Plastic waste is even found in remote areas from the Arctic to the Antarctic, which is alarming (Anela, 2019). It is reported that 80% of waste in the marine environment is plastic (European Parliament, 2019).
Plastic pollution continuously mount up in world marine environment
In the meantime, plastic pollution continuously mounts up in the world’s marine environment. In different studies, it is stated that annually about 10 million tons of plastic waste come into the ocean (Jambeck et al., 2015). It is projected that this figure twice in 2030 and a further increase in 2050 (Tosca, 2018). About 80-90% plastic litter come from the land surface in the ocean through rivers, stream, and coastal areas. 20% of plaster refuse is present in the ocean include fishing net etc. (Tosca, 2018; Stephanie Avery Gomm, et al., 2019). Those countries that have a larger population more contribution of plastic pollution in the world’s ocean-like Asian countries China, Indonesia, and the United States (Jambeck et al., 2015). Most of the plastic litter generated from packaging material.
Plastic pollution around the world
Furthermore, the most recent event Covid-19 pandemic further increase the volume of plastic waste around the world (Patricia Silva et al., 2020; Vanapalli, 2020; Gorrasi, 2020). This increase the quantity of single-use plastic product like PPE (Personal Protective Equipment i.e. gloves, mask. It has been revealed in recent research, almost 65 billion mask and 65 million gloves in overall world waste generate (Prata, 2020). Moreover medical waste, plastic packaged product include online food delivery, grocery and other daily use product that further aggravate the plastic pollution. The litter generate from this pandemic has a strong impact on volume of plastic pollution and result in environmental contamination (Patricio Silva, 2020).
Ocean plastic pollution
Ocean plastic pollution is most concerning issue in past and present that’s why many important conventions and meeting held at international level to aware the countries and move towards the solution. The major effects of ocean plastic pollution is dangerous for aquatic species in ocean. Because most of species like shellfish, whales, fish etc. eat plastic particle as food that result in death or affect the internal system of species that research revealed from different laboratory test. The other major affect is part of food chain that result in also hazardous for human health (Golam Kibra, 2017).
Causes of Ocean Plastic Pollution
Plastic is man-made product that cause noxious and hazardous effect on environment. There are many causes of ocean plastic pollution but major cause is mismanagement of solid waste. Due to ineffective disposal in landfill and inappropriate management technique of waste, waste illegally dump in river then via river waste enter in ocean.
The industrial sector also a major contributor of plastic pollution. In different researches, it has been stated that industries that generate more plastic litter are the packaging industry about 46.7%, and the textile industry, etc. (Geyer et al., 2017). Another main cause is ineffective wastewater treatment plant that results in not filtered the smallest particles of plastic and direct discharge in the river. The other causes are waste generate in coastal beaches also direct enter into ocean, many natural disaster like flooding that move the plastic waste in the ocean, storm water emissions and most fisherman discarded the things like fishing net or any trap (Golam, 2017; Sebille, 2016; Khandziora, 2019).
Solution of Ocean Plastic Pollution
There are many measure that can be adopted in practical life to reduce the plastic waste and improvement in present condition. In accordance of UNEP, the major source of plastic pollution is mismanagement of solid waste and ineffective waste water treatment, so we should take measures for improvement by technological changes and properly management of solid waste techniques.
Strong action must be taken in the illegal dumping of plastic waste and must be focused on law and policy. It is practically implemented in developed countries due to which positive results are observed from these activities. Control plastic litter in coastal beaches because it is also a major source. The most important measure to reduce plastic products especially packaging products and then move towards recycling. Bioplastic is also good option to manage waste.
The most important option is aware and educates the people to move eco-friendly (Golam, 2017; Tosca, 2018). And the most important thing is awareness-raising, activists, non-governmental and governmental organizations should aware people about the risk of plastic pollution so that the public involvement in solutions rather than a cause for the more effective results of solutions.
Also read our post on hydro power electricity
Conclusion
In the present era, ocean plastic pollution is a major and recent issue that is a matter of concern all over the globe. It continuously increases all over the globe. This causes contamination of water and has a huge impact on aquatic organisms, humans, and other biological organisms because it enters into the food chain. It enters into the water commonly by dispersal of improperly disposed waste. But its concentration increase into oceans especially during the Covid-19 pandemic period due to improper disposal of mask and sanitizer bottles. It is in dire need of time to move towards a solution because without an effective solution we can’t move towards sustainable development.
Reference
- K.R. Vanapalli, H.B. Sharma, V.P. Ranjan, et al. 2020. Challenges and strategies for effective plastic waste management during and post COVID-19 pandemic, Science of the Total Environment https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141514
- Kibria, G. 2017. Plastic waste, Plastic Pollution – A Threat to all nation
- Sebille E.V., Spathi, C., and Gilbert, A. 2016. The ocean plastic pollution challenge: towards solutions in the UK. Technical Report ; Granthum Institute Briefing paper No 19
- Ballerini, T., Andrady, A., Cole, M., Galgani, F. 2018. Plastic pollution in the ocean: what we know and what we don’t know about it. Technical report: the camp.
- Avery-Gomm, S., Walker, T. R., Mallory, M. L., Procvencher, J. F. 2019. There is nothing convenient about plastic pollution. Rejoinder to Stafford and Jones “Viewpoint – Ocean plastic pollution: A convenient but distracting truth?”, Marine Policy.
- Jambeck, J.R., Geyer, R., Wilcox, C., Siegler, T.R., Perryman, M., Andrady, A., Narayan, R., Law, K.L., 2015. Marine pollution. Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. Science 347, 768-771.
- Geyer, R., Jambeck, J.R., Law, K.L., 2017. Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Science Advances 3, e1700782.
- Khandziora, J.H., Toulon, N. V., Sobral, P., Taylor, H. L., Ribbink, A. J., Jambeck, J. R. 2019. The important role of marine debris network to prevent and reduce ocean plastic pollution. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 141: 657-662
- Prata, J.C., Silca, A. L. P., Walker, T. R., Duarte, A. C. 2020. Covid-19 pandemic repercussion on the use and management of plastic. Environmental Science and Technology, 2-28
- Gorrasi, G, Sorrentino, A., Lichtfouse, E. 2020. Back to plastic pollution in Covid-19 times. Environment Chemistry Letter.
- Patricio Silva, A. L., Prata, J. C., Walker, T. R., Campos, D, Duarte, A. C., 2020. Rethinking and optimising plastic waste management under COVID-19 pandemic: Policy solutions based on redesign and reduction of single-use plastics and personal protective equipment. Sciecne of Total Environment.
- Anela Choy, C., Robison, B. H., Gagne, T. O., Erwin, B., Firl, E, et al. 2019. The vertical distribution and biological transport of marine microplastics across the epipelagic and mesopelagic water column. Scientific Report, 9: 7843
some truly nice and utilitarian information on this internet site, likewise I believe the design and style contains wonderful features.
Thanks, dear for your appreciation it means a lot!
I enjoy what yyou gguys are usually uup too. Thhis type of clever work and reporting!
Keep up the very good works guys I’ve addesd you guys to my own video.
Thanks alot it means a lot.Please keep reading our latest posts
I loved as much as you will receive carried out right here. The sketch is tasteful, your authored material stylish. nonetheless, you command get bought an impatience over that you wish be delivering the following. unwell unquestionably come further formerly again since exactly the same nearly a lot often inside case you shield this increase.
There is noticeably a bundle to find out about this. I assume you made certain nice factors in options also.
I enjoy reading through your website. Thanks!
Thanks dear
Hello! I wish to say that this post is awesome, great writtten annd come with approximately all important infos.
I’d like to look extra posts like this! 🙂
Thanks dear for your kind words
Very good info. Luciy me I discovered your blog by accident.
I have book-marked it for later!
Thanks for your apprecisation.Please do follow us
I got this site from my pall who shared with me cncerning this website and now
this time I am browsing this website and reading very informative articles orr reviews at this place.
Thanks
Hello! Do you use Twitter? I’d like to folloow you if that would
be okay. I’m definitely enjoying your blog
and look forward too new articles.
Thanks dear
Fabulous, what a web site it is! This web sie provides useful data to
us, keep it up.
Thanks
This is the perfect blog for anyboy who holes to find out about this topic.
You definitely put a brand new spin on a topic which has been discussed for decades.Wonderfyl stuff, just excellent!
Thanks
Ohh, iits fastidious discussion about this article here at this web site,
I have rezd all that, so now me also commenting at this place.
I simply want to input that you have ? good website ?nd I eenjoy the
design and also arftcles ?n it!
Thanks
Fabulous, what a web site it is! This web site provides useful data tto us, keepp it up.
I’m very happy to discover this page. I need to to thank you for ones time just
for this fantastic read! I definitely really liked every little bit
of it and I have you bookmzrked to check out new things in your blog.
Hello.This article was extremely motivating, particularly since I was investigating for thoughts on this subject last Sunday.
This is the perfect blog for anybopdy who hopes to find out about
this topic. You definitely put a brand new spin onn a topic which has been discussed for
decades.Wonderful stuff, just excellent!
Very nice post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wanted to say that I’ve truly enjoyed urfing around
your blog posts. In any case I will be subscribing tto your feed and I hople you
write again very soon!
I enjoy reading through your website. Thanks!
I enjoy reading through your website. Thanks!
Hi there to every body, it’s my first pay a quick visit of this website;
this blog contains awesome and genuinely excellent datta ffor visitors.
Hi there to every body, it’s my first go to see of this webpage;
this webpage contains amazing and really excellent data in support of
readers.
Way cool! Somee very valid points! I appreciate you penning this post and the
rest of the website is also really good.
Hello, after reading this amazing artile i am as well happy to share my familiarity here with
mates!
Thanks
I will right away clutch your rss as I can’t in finding your e-mail subscription hyperlink or newsletter service. Do you’ve any? Please let me know in order that I could subscribe. Thanks.
Thanks am working on it.
Hi there to every body, it’s my first go to see of this webpage; this webpage contains amazing and really excellent data iin support of readers.
Thanks for the suggestions you reveal through this site. In addition, quite a few young women which become pregnant don’t even try to get medical insurance because they dread they probably would not qualify. Although some states currently require that insurers give coverage irrespective of the pre-existing conditions. Charges on these kinds of guaranteed plans are usually larger, but when thinking about the high cost of health care it may be a new safer route to take to protect your financial future.
Excellent post. I was checking continuously this blog and I am impressed!
Extremely ueful information. I care for such information a
lot. I was looking for this certain informatyion for a very long
time.Thank yyou and goodd luck.
Ohh, its fastidious discussion about this article here at this web site, I have read all
that, soo now me also commenting at his place.
Hello to every one, since I am genuinely keen of reading
this website’s post to be updated regularly.
It cartries nice data.
Thanks
Wiith thanks forr sharing your superb website!
Thanks
Hello all, here every person is sharing such know-how,
so it’s pleasant to read this website, and I used to go to
see thyis website daily.
Really thankful
Pretty! This has been an extremely wonderful post.Thank you
for supplying this info.
Thanks
You need to take part in a contest for one of thhe
most useful websites online. I will recommend this site!
Very good info. Lucky me I discovered your blog by accident.
I have book-marked it for later!
Thanks
Howdy! I could have sworn I’ve been to this bloog before but after browsing through some of the post I realized it’s new
tto me. Nonetheless, I’m definitely delighted I found it and I’ll be bookmarking and checking back frequently!
Thanks for the encouragement
Wayy cool! Some verdy valid points! I appreciate you penning this post and
the rest of the website iis also really good.
Wow cuz this is great work! Congrats and keeep it up!
An attention-grabbing dialogue is worth comment. I think that it is best to write extra on this matter, it may not be a taboo subject however usually people are not sufficient to talk on such topics. To the next. Cheers
Magnificent beat ! I wish to apprentice while you amend your website,
how could i subscribe for a weblog website? The account aided me a appropriate deal.
I have been tiny bit familiar of this your broadcast provided vivid
transparent concept
Spot on with this write-up, I actually feel this website needs far more attention. I’ll probably be returning to read through more, thanks for
the advice!
I was recommended this blog by my cousin. I am not sure whether this post
is written by him as no one else know such detailed
about my problem. You’re incredible! Thanks!
My family members always say that I am killing my time
here at web, however I know I am getting familiarity
all the time by reading such nice articles or reviews.
You are so awesome! I do not believe I have read a single thing like that before.
So nice to find another person with some genuine thoughts on this
subject matter. Really.. thank you for starting this up.
This website is one thing that is required on the internet, someone with some originality!
Does your blog have a contact page? I’m having a tough time locating it but, I’d like to shoot you an email.
I’ve got some suggestions for your blog you might be interested in hearing.
Either way, great website and I look forward to seeing it
improve over time.
Thanks for liking my post you can contact me on the given email address
Your home is valueble for me. Thanks!?
Hola! I’ve been following your site for some time now and
finally got the courage to go ahead and give you a shout out from
Humble Texas! Just wanted to say keep up the great job!
It’s an awesome piece of writing in support of all
the internet viewers; they will obtain advantage from it I am sure.
Wow that was strange. I just wrote an very long comment but after I clicked submit my comment didn’t show up.
Grrrr… well I’m not writing all that over again. Anyways, just wanted to say wonderful blog!
My husband and i got joyous that Raymond managed to round up his researching from your precious recommendations he came across out of the web pages. It is now and again perplexing just to continually be giving away secrets other folks could have been making money from. Therefore we already know we’ve got the website owner to thank for that. These illustrations you’ve made, the straightforward website menu, the relationships you can assist to instill – it’s got many powerful, and it’s really making our son in addition to us reason why the subject matter is exciting, which is unbelievably important. Thanks for the whole thing!
It is the best time to make some plans for the future and it’s time to be happy. I have read this post and if I could I want to suggest you few interesting things or tips. Perhaps you can write next articles referring to this article. I want to read more things about it!
Thanks so much for giving everyone an extremely special chance to read from this site. It really is so sweet plus jam-packed with a good time for me personally and my office fellow workers to search the blog at least three times per week to read through the latest items you will have. And indeed, I’m just certainly motivated with the great opinions served by you. Certain 4 facts in this posting are surely the most effective we have all had.
Excellent post. I wwas checking continuously this blog and I am impressed!
Extremely useful information. I care for such information a lot.
I was looking for tnis certain information for a very long
time.Thank you and good luck.
I wanted to draft you a very little word so as to say thanks a lot again with your wonderful information you’ve shown on this page. This is really shockingly open-handed with people like you to make unhampered what many people could possibly have distributed for an e book to make some cash for themselves, particularly given that you might well have done it if you ever decided. These things additionally worked like the fantastic way to fully grasp other people have the identical dreams really like mine to find out significantly more when considering this issue. I think there are millions of more pleasurable times ahead for those who start reading your site.
I have to show appreciation to the writer just for bailing me out of this type of dilemma. Right after researching throughout the online world and meeting notions which are not powerful, I assumed my life was well over. Living devoid of the strategies to the problems you’ve sorted out by means of your post is a critical case, and those that would have in a negative way damaged my entire career if I had not come across your blog post. Your actual knowledge and kindness in controlling every part was priceless. I am not sure what I would have done if I hadn’t discovered such a point like this. I can at this moment look forward to my future. Thanks very much for your professional and amazing help. I will not think twice to refer the website to anybody who would need tips about this issue.
I enjoy you because of all of the effort on this blog. Betty loves making time for research and it is easy to understand why. My partner and i hear all relating to the lively mode you offer priceless secrets via this web site and as well inspire response from some others on that point so my girl is always starting to learn a lot of things. Take pleasure in the rest of the new year. You’re performing a remarkable job.
Please let me know if you’re looking for a article author for your site.
You have some really great articles and I feel I
would be a good asset. If you ever want to take some of the load off, I’d absolutely love
to write some content for your blog in exchange for a link back
to mine. Please shoot me an email if interested. Regards!
Thanks for every one of your effort on this blog. My niece really likes conducting internet research and it’s really easy to understand why. We all notice all concerning the powerful way you produce important things on the web blog and even increase response from people on this topic plus our daughter has always been starting to learn a lot of things. Enjoy the rest of the new year. You are always performing a terrific job.
I’m extremely impressed together with your writing abilities and also with the
layout on your blog. Is this a paid subject or did you customize it yourself?
Anyway keep up the nice high quality writing,
it is uncommon to look a nice weblog like this one nowadays..
Howdy I am so grateful I found your site, I really found you by mistake, while I was
browsing on Google for something else, Anyhow I am here now and would just like to say cheers for a marvelous post and
a all round exciting blog (I also love the theme/design),
I don’t have time to read it all at the moment but
I have book-marked it and also added in your RSS feeds, so when I have time
I will be back to read more, Please do keep up the excellent job.
A lot of thanks for each of your effort on this web page. Kate enjoys doing internet research and it is easy to understand why. We notice all regarding the powerful form you render very helpful strategies by means of the web blog and even invigorate contribution from other individuals on the content so our daughter is actually learning a whole lot. Have fun with the remaining portion of the year. You’re the one carrying out a fabulous job.
I wanted to jot down a simple remark so as to express gratitude to you for those wonderful ways you are giving out at this site. My extended internet lookup has finally been rewarded with extremely good facts and techniques to share with my contacts. I would repeat that most of us website visitors actually are really lucky to be in a fantastic community with very many brilliant professionals with beneficial opinions. I feel quite privileged to have used your entire webpages and look forward to really more awesome minutes reading here. Thanks once again for all the details.
I have read several excellent stuff here. Definitely value
bookmarking for revisiting. I wonder how so much attempt you set to create this kind of great informative web site.
Good way of describing, and nice paragraph to obtain facts
about my presentation subject, which i am going to convey
in institution of higher education.
I needed to draft you the little bit of observation to be able to thank you very much yet again for these lovely views you have shown on this page. It’s so strangely generous of people like you giving openly what most of us could have marketed as an electronic book to help make some dough on their own, specifically since you could have tried it if you ever desired. The tricks in addition served to become fantastic way to be sure that other individuals have similar interest just as mine to figure out lots more with reference to this condition. I believe there are millions of more pleasurable moments ahead for many who discover your blog.
Great weblog here! Also your site lots up fast! What web host are you the usage of? Can I get your associate hyperlink in your host? I want my site loaded up as fast as yours lol
One thing I would really like to say is that often car insurance cancellations is a feared experience so if you’re doing the right things being a driver you may not get one. A lot of people do have the notice that they have been officially dropped by the insurance company and many have to struggle to get additional insurance after the cancellation. Low-cost auto insurance rates are often hard to get following a cancellation. Having the main reasons regarding auto insurance cancellation can help people prevent completely losing in one of the most critical privileges out there. Thanks for the suggestions shared by means of your blog.
Thanks so much for giving everyone an extremely breathtaking possiblity to read from here. It really is so good and also full of a lot of fun for me and my office fellow workers to visit your blog nearly three times per week to study the latest things you will have. Of course, we are certainly astounded for the incredible creative concepts you serve. Selected 4 areas in this post are in reality the simplest we have ever had.
I wish to express appreciation to you just for bailing me out of this particular circumstance. As a result of exploring throughout the world wide web and finding notions which are not productive, I figured my life was over. Living without the answers to the issues you have fixed through your site is a serious case, and those which may have in a wrong way affected my entire career if I had not discovered your blog post. Your primary know-how and kindness in maneuvering the whole thing was priceless. I am not sure what I would’ve done if I had not encountered such a solution like this. I can also now look ahead to my future. Thank you very much for this professional and amazing guide. I will not think twice to recommend the blog to any individual who desires tips about this issue.
hello!,I really like your writing so a lot! share we keep up a correspondence extra approximately your post on AOL? I require a specialist in this space to unravel my problem. Maybe that’s you! Taking a look forward to peer you.
It is best to take part in a contest for among the finest blogs on the web. I will advocate this website!
I needed to post you this tiny note in order to say thanks the moment again with your beautiful tactics you have documented at this time. It’s so remarkably generous of you to allow publicly all that a lot of folks could have offered for an ebook to earn some bucks on their own, chiefly considering that you might well have tried it in case you wanted. Those techniques also served to become good way to know that many people have similar dreams just as mine to grasp a little more regarding this issue. I am certain there are lots of more enjoyable times in the future for those who find out your site.
My wife and i were absolutely joyous that Edward managed to conclude his researching because of the precious recommendations he received in your site. It’s not at all simplistic to simply choose to be releasing key points which often people may have been selling. And now we fully understand we have the website owner to appreciate because of that. The type of illustrations you made, the straightforward blog navigation, the relationships you will give support to promote – it’s all powerful, and it is making our son and us understand the situation is brilliant, which is certainly extraordinarily pressing. Many thanks for the whole lot!
I delight in, result in I discovered exactly what I used to be looking
for. You have ended my 4 day long hunt! God Bless you man. Have
a nice day. Bye
I wanted to send a quick comment to be able to say thanks to you for all the lovely ways you are placing at this website. My long internet look up has finally been honored with wonderful points to go over with my contacts. I would tell you that many of us site visitors are very much blessed to live in a really good site with very many awesome individuals with very helpful basics. I feel truly blessed to have used your entire webpage and look forward to some more cool minutes reading here. Thank you once more for everything.